TB-500 — Research Peptide Overview, Specifications, and Sourcing

At-a-Glance Specifications

CAS Number

77591-33-4

Molecular Weight

4963.44 g/mol

Molecular Formula

C₂₁₂H₃₅₀N₅₆O₇₈S

Amino Acid Sequence

Ac-SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKTETQEKNPLPSKETIEQEKQAGES (43 amino acids)

Purity

≥99% (HPLC verified)

Physical Form

Lyophilized powder

Storage

-20°C lyophilized; 2-8°C reconstituted

Synonyms

Thymosin Beta-4, Tβ4, TB4, Timbetasin

What Is TB-500?

TB-500 is the synthetic version of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid peptide that is ubiquitously expressed in virtually all mammalian cell types. Thymosin Beta-4 was first isolated from calf thymus tissue in the 1960s and subsequently identified as a major actin-sequestering protein, playing a central role in cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration, and tissue repair processes.

The naturally occurring Thymosin Beta-4 is one of the most abundant intracellular peptides in the human body, with particularly high concentrations found in wound fluid, platelets, and blood cells. Its widespread expression across tissues reflects its fundamental role in basic cellular processes including motility, proliferation, and differentiation. TB-500 replicates the full-length sequence of Thymosin Beta-4 and retains its biological activity profile in research settings.

TB-500 has gained significant attention in the research community due to the breadth of its preclinical investigation. Studies spanning over three decades have examined its role in wound healing, cardiac repair, neurological protection, inflammation modulation, and hair growth. Its mechanism, centered on actin regulation and cell migration, underlies effects observed across diverse tissue types and organ systems.

The peptide’s approximately 5 kDa molecular weight places it in a favorable range for tissue penetration, and its endogenous origin provides a well-characterized safety profile in preclinical models. For wholesale research suppliers, TB-500 ranks among the most frequently requested peptides, driven by its extensive literature base and broad applicability across research disciplines.

Mechanism of Action

TB-500 exerts its biological effects through several interconnected molecular mechanisms, with actin regulation serving as the central hub from which downstream effects radiate.

Actin Sequestration and Cytoskeletal Regulation

The primary molecular function of Thymosin Beta-4 is the sequestration of monomeric G-actin, preventing its polymerization into F-actin filaments. By maintaining the pool of available G-actin monomers, TB-500 plays a critical role in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics. This regulation is essential for cell migration, a process fundamental to wound healing, immune response, and tissue remodeling. Goldstein et al. (2005) provided a comprehensive review of this mechanism and its biological significance (PMID: 15820558).

Cell Migration Promotion

Through its effects on the actin cytoskeleton, TB-500 promotes the migration of multiple cell types including keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and stem/progenitor cells. The central actin-binding domain of TB-500, specifically the tetrapeptide sequence AcSDKP (N-terminal fragment), has been identified as particularly important for cell migration signaling. Malinda et al. (1999) demonstrated that Thymosin Beta-4 promoted dermal and corneal wound healing by stimulating cell migration in animal models (PMID: 10384867).

Anti-Inflammatory Activity

TB-500 has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in multiple preclinical models. Research has shown that the peptide can suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines while promoting the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Sosne et al. (2010) demonstrated that Thymosin Beta-4 suppressed NF-κB activation and downstream inflammatory signaling in corneal epithelial cells (PMID: 20605787).

Angiogenesis and Vascular Development

TB-500 promotes angiogenesis through stimulation of endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation. Research by Smart et al. (2007) demonstrated that Thymosin Beta-4 activated epicardial progenitor cells and promoted neovascularization in adult mammalian heart tissue following injury, suggesting a role in cardiac repair via vascular regeneration (PMID: 17322904).

Stem Cell Activation

Research has indicated that TB-500 can activate resident stem and progenitor cell populations in multiple tissues. This mechanism is particularly well-studied in the cardiac context, where TB-500 has been shown to reactivate quiescent epicardial progenitor cells, promoting their differentiation into cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells following myocardial injury.

Research Applications

TB-500 has been the subject of diverse preclinical research across numerous biological systems and disease models:

Wound Healing and Tissue Repair

The most extensively characterized application of TB-500 is in wound healing research. Studies have demonstrated accelerated closure of dermal wounds, corneal epithelial defects, and mucosal injuries in animal models. The peptide’s effects on keratinocyte and fibroblast migration, combined with its anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties, contribute to enhanced tissue repair in these models.

Cardiac Repair Research

TB-500 has been investigated as a potential mediator of cardiac repair following myocardial infarction. Preclinical studies have shown that TB-500 administration can activate epicardial progenitor cells, promote angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium, reduce scar formation, and improve cardiac function in rodent models of myocardial infarction.

Neurological Research

Emerging research has explored TB-500 in models of central and peripheral nervous system injury. Studies have examined its effects in models of traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and peripheral nerve damage, with reported benefits including reduced inflammation, decreased demyelination, and enhanced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation.

Ophthalmological Research

TB-500 has been studied in models of corneal injury, dry eye disease, and neurotrophic keratopathy. Its effects on corneal epithelial cell migration and anti-inflammatory properties make it a compound of particular interest in ocular surface repair research. Notably, a synthetic analog of Thymosin Beta-4 (RGN-259) has advanced into clinical trials for dry eye disease.

Musculoskeletal Research

Studies have examined TB-500 in models of muscle strain, tendon injury, and bone fracture healing. The peptide’s pro-migratory and anti-inflammatory effects have been associated with improved outcomes in these musculoskeletal injury models.

Available Formats and Bulk Options

Wholesale Bulk Peptides supplies TB-500 in multiple configurations to meet diverse research needs:

• Standard Research Vials: 5 mg lyophilized powder per vial, individually sealed under inert atmosphere
• High-Volume Vials: 10 mg lyophilized powder per vial for larger-scale studies
• Bulk Lyophilized Powder: Available in 100 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, and 5 g quantities for high-throughput programs
• Custom Formulations: Available upon request for institutions with specific vehicle, concentration, or packaging requirements

All formats include batch-specific certificates of analysis. Custom labeling and packaging are available for institutional and distributor accounts.

Wholesale Pricing Summary

For detailed wholesale pricing and custom volume quotes, visit our wholesale pricing page or contact our B2B sales team.

Quality, Testing, and Certificates of Analysis

Each batch of TB-500 undergoes comprehensive quality control testing to ensure research-grade standards:

• HPLC Purity Analysis: Reverse-phase HPLC confirms peptide purity ≥99%. Full chromatographic profiles are included in batch COAs.
• Mass Spectrometry: ESI-MS or MALDI-TOF-MS verifies molecular identity by confirming the expected molecular weight of 4963.44 g/mol.
• Amino Acid Analysis: Quantitative amino acid composition analysis confirms the correct 43-residue sequence and stoichiometry.
• Endotoxin Testing: LAL testing ensures endotoxin levels are below <1 EU/mg for in vivo research suitability.
• Sterility Testing: Bacteriological testing per USP standards for vial presentations intended for in vivo use.
• Water Content: Karl Fischer titration confirms moisture levels consistent with stable lyophilized product (<5%).

Each shipment includes a detailed Certificate of Analysis. COAs are also accessible through our client portal, and historical documentation is maintained for audit purposes.

Storage and Stability

Lyophilized Form

• Long-term storage: -20°C or below, protected from light and moisture. Shelf life of 24+ months.
• Short-term storage: 2-8°C for up to 3 months without significant degradation.
• Shipping stability: Stable at ambient temperature for up to 5 days during transit.

Reconstituted Solution

• Recommended vehicle: Bacteriostatic water or sterile 0.9% sodium chloride.
• Storage: 2-8°C for up to 10 days after reconstitution.
• Extended storage: Aliquot and freeze at -20°C for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Compliance and Intended Use

Research Use Only (RUO). TB-500 as supplied by Wholesale Bulk Peptides is intended solely for in vitro research and preclinical (animal model) studies conducted by qualified researchers in appropriately equipped laboratory settings.

This product is not intended for human or veterinary diagnostic or therapeutic use. It is not a drug, food additive, or cosmetic ingredient. TB-500 has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or any equivalent regulatory body for any clinical application.

Purchasers and end-users assume responsibility for compliance with all applicable regulations governing the purchase, possession, and use of research peptides. Wholesale Bulk Peptides requires confirmation of intended research use at the time of order.

Related Compounds

• BPC-157 — A pentadecapeptide frequently studied alongside TB-500 in tissue repair and wound healing models.
• GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1) — A naturally occurring peptide-copper complex studied for tissue remodeling and wound healing applications.
• Ipamorelin — A selective GH secretagogue studied for growth hormone-mediated tissue repair pathways.

References

1. Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues. Trends Mol Med. 2005;11(9):421-429. PMID: 16099219
2. Malinda KM, Sidhu GS, Mani H, et al. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113(3):364-368. PMID: 10469334
3. Sosne G, Qiu P, Christopherson PL, Wheater MK. Thymosin beta 4 suppression of corneal NFkappaB. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1112:175-185. PMID: 17496068
4. Smart N, Risebro CA, Melville AA, et al. Thymosin beta4 induces adult epicardial progenitor mobilization and neovascularization. Nature. 2007;445(7124):177-182. PMID: 17122772
5. Crockford D. Development of thymosin beta4 for treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1112:385-395. PMID: 17496060

Frequently Asked Questions

What is TB-500 and how does it relate to Thymosin Beta-4?

TB-500 is the synthetic form of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid peptide found in virtually all mammalian cells. TB-500 replicates the full-length Thymosin Beta-4 sequence and retains its biological activity profile. The name “TB-500” is commonly used in research supply contexts to distinguish the synthetic research-grade peptide from the endogenous protein.

What is the primary mechanism of action?

TB-500’s primary molecular function is the sequestration of monomeric G-actin, which regulates cytoskeletal dynamics critical for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. This actin regulation underlies its observed effects on wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue repair in preclinical models.

What purity level do you guarantee?

All TB-500 is manufactured to a purity of 99% or greater, verified by reverse-phase HPLC. Each batch also undergoes mass spectrometry confirmation, amino acid analysis, and endotoxin testing. Full analytical data is provided in batch-specific Certificates of Analysis.

How should TB-500 be stored?

Store lyophilized TB-500 at -20 degrees Celsius for long-term stability (24+ months) or at 2-8 degrees Celsius for short-term storage (up to 3 months). Reconstituted solutions should be stored at 2-8 degrees Celsius and used within 10 days, or aliquoted and frozen at -20 degrees Celsius.

What is the minimum order quantity?

Wholesale TB-500 orders start at a minimum of 10 vials (5 mg per vial). Volume discounts are available beginning at 50 vials, with the deepest discounts at the 500+ vial tier. Custom bulk orders exceeding 1,000 vials receive individually negotiated pricing.

What reconstitution vehicle should be used?

Bacteriostatic water is the most commonly used reconstitution vehicle. Sterile 0.9% sodium chloride is also suitable. TB-500 is readily soluble in aqueous solutions. Reconstituted solutions should be stored at 2-8 degrees Celsius and used within the recommended timeframe.

Is TB-500 approved for clinical use?

No. TB-500 is a Research Use Only (RUO) compound. It has not been approved by the FDA or any other regulatory agency for human or veterinary therapeutic use. A synthetic analog of Thymosin Beta-4 (RGN-259) has entered clinical trials for dry eye disease, but TB-500 itself remains a research compound.

How does TB-500 compare to BPC-157?

TB-500 and BPC-157 are both studied in tissue repair contexts but operate through different primary mechanisms. TB-500 works primarily through actin sequestration and cell migration promotion, while BPC-157 operates through NO system modulation and growth factor upregulation. They are frequently studied together in combinatorial research protocols.

What research areas commonly use TB-500?

TB-500 is actively investigated in wound healing, cardiac repair, neurological injury, ophthalmology (corneal healing), musculoskeletal repair, and inflammation research. Its broad tissue applicability derives from its fundamental role in actin cytoskeletal regulation.

Do you offer bulk powder quantities?

Yes. In addition to standard 5 mg and 10 mg vials, TB-500 is available as bulk lyophilized powder in quantities of 100 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, and 5 g. Custom quantities and formulations are also available for institutional and CRO accounts.

What documentation is included with orders?

Every TB-500 order includes a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis documenting HPLC purity, mass spectrometry identity, amino acid analysis, endotoxin levels, water content, and appearance data. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are also available upon request.

What is the shipping process?

Lyophilized TB-500 is stable at ambient temperature and ships via express courier with protective packaging. Standard delivery is 1-3 business days domestically. Cold-chain shipping is available for reconstituted solutions or shipments during extreme conditions. International shipping is available to qualified research institutions.